Bachelor Degree Essay

The need for competent bedside nurses has drastically increased and so will it continue in the future. The level of basic education that a nurse should have has always been an issue of debate and controversy. The ADN program is shorter and more concise which focuses on the clinical skills and is more tasks oriented. It lacks the theory and science behind nursing as a profession. ADN nurses usually have 2-3 years education and are focused to provide individualized care to their patients based on their diagnosis. The BSN program is a four-year degree, which is knowledge, theory and research based and the emphasis is on the entire picture of the field of nursing. The BSN nurse would use the researching and critical thinking background of her education to care for patients. Many do not realize there is a difference between the two. Both associate degree graduate and baccalaureate degree graduates take the same NCLEX board exam for licensing and enter the same job. Unlike associate-degree nursing programs where the nurses function primarily at the bedside in less complex patient care situations, the BSN program prepares the nurse to practice in all health care settings – critical care, outpatient care, public health, and mental health. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing has posted a detailed position statement (2000) and fact sheet (2010) on their websites endorsing the position that the minimum entry level requirement for nurses be a BSN degree. The BSN nurse is well-qualified to deliver care in private homes, outpatient centers, and neighborhood clinics where demand is fast expanding as hospitals focus increasingly on acute care and as health care moves beyond the hospital to more primary and preventive services throughout the community. At increasing numbers of hospitals nationwide, baccalaureate-prepared nurses are being utilized in ways that recognize their different educational preparation and competency from associate-degree nurses. In these differentiated practice models, BSN nurses not only provide more complex aspects of daily care and patient education, but also design and coordinate a comprehensive plan of nursing care for the entire length of a patient’s stay – from pre-admission to post-discharge – including supervising nurse’s aides and other unlicensed assistive personnel, designing discharge and teaching plans for patients, and collaborating with patients, physicians, family members, and other hospital departments and resource personnel. Evidence shows that nursing education level is a factor in patient safety and quality of care. As cited in the report When Care Becomes a Burden released by the Milbank Memorial Fund in 2001, two separate studies conducted in 1996 – one by the state of New York and one by the state of Texas – clearly show that significantly higher levels of medication errors and procedural violations are committed by nurses prepared at the associate degree and diploma levels as compared with the baccalaureate level. These findings are consistent with findings published in the July/August 2002 issue of Nurse Educator magazine that references studies conducted in Arizona, Colorado, Louisiana, Ohio and Tennessee that also found that nurses prepared at the associate degree and diploma levels make the majority of practice-related violations. AACN and other authorities believe that education has a strong impact on a nurse’s ability to practice, and that patients deserve the best educated nursing workforce possible. A growing body of research reinforces this belief and shows a connection between baccalaureate education and lower mortality rates. Baccalaureate nursing programs encompass all of the course work taught in associate degree and diploma programs plus a more in-depth treatment of the physical and social sciences, nursing research, public and community health, nursing management, and the humanities. The additional course work enhances the student’s professional development, prepares the new nurse for a broader scope of practice, and provides the nurse with a better understanding of the cultural, political, economic, and social issues that affect patients and influence health care delivery. Throughout the last decade, policymakers and practice leaders have recognized that education makes a difference. (http://www. aacn. nche. edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/impact-of-education. References http://www. aacn. nche. edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/impact-of-education. (n. d). The Impact of Education on Nursing Practice . Retrieved May 21, 2013, from http://www. aacn. nche. edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/impact-of-education.

Character Sketch Sample

Sample character sketch – my friend Liz. My friend Liz is the most amazing friend anybody could ask for. We’ve been through so much together, we’re basically like sisters. We met on the first day of school in sixth grade, both of us terrified by the massive size of the middle school. She had the locker right above mine. I told her I didn’t know anybody in our class and she said â€Å"You do now. † We’ve been friends ever since. Most boys think Liz is cute. She has long red hair, cascading over her shoulders. She laughs about everything and when she does, you see about a hundred white teeth – so bright, you almost need sunglasses. When she laughs, her eyes grow wide, glowing emerald green. Liz likes to dress kind of skater-ish, in camouflage pants, sweatshirts, and wristbands. But, she’s unpredictable, too. Sometimes she’ll wear overalls or a fancy dress. She must have three closets full of clothes, because she barely ever wears the same outfit twice. Liz is the most lively, animated character I’ve ever known. She’s always rushing around, trying to get the latest scoop on everybody. It’s like she’s in the FBI. Right before she shares important news, Liz tosses back her hair, takes a deep breath, and quickly looks side to side, to be sure the coast is clear. She never says anything mean about people, she just wants to know what’s going on. She always supports me in everything I want to do. Not many girls in our group of friends play sports, but when I told Liz I wanted to go out for basketball, she said â€Å"Go for it. † Now, she comes to see almost every game I play and cheer me on. Not only is Liz a tremendous supporter, she also trusts me to give her my honest opinion and to say what I feel. Last year, she thought Mrs. Jones gave her a lower math grade than she deserved. I told her the truth – that Liz handed everything in late and what did she expect? Next marking period, Liz got her work in on time, and pulled off an A-. Thanks to me, she said. Liz is a wonderful listener. She lets me tell her all my problems and she never diminishes the importance of my worries. I can tell she’s really listening, too, because she looks directly in my eyes the whole time, like she’s trying to see inside my head and figure me out. We don’t always agree on everything, and sometimes we even fight like sisters. But, in the end, we always stick together. Writing a CHARACTER SKETCH – can you draw your friend IN WORDS? Writers need to describe people believably and realistically. They need to describe characters in such detail readers can actually feel they know them. A character sketch is a way to put people on paper. It goes beyond just describing a person’s physical characteristics. Character sketches are most effective when they reveal â€Å"telling† details that capture the essence of someone’s personality. ?You are going to write a character sketch for someone you know. It could be a friend, family member, or anybody you know well. Here’s a list of things to include in your character sketch: †¢ opening – introduce the topic (your friend) †¢ explain how you met, or where you know each other from †¢ give a physical description – appearance, clothes, voice, habits, mannerisms, etc. †¢ personality trait #1, and supporting evidence †¢ personality trait #2, and supporting evidence †¢ personality trait #3, and supporting evidence †¢ closing comment – try to reconnect to your opening You do not have to follow this exact order, but your character sketch does need to include all these parts. TIP: Think about your friend in vivid detail. What color are her eyes? What kind of clothes does she favor? What kind of shoes? How is her hair cut and styled? Dig deeper. How does he talk? Fast, slow, soft? What nervous habits does he have? What does he daydream about? What music does he like? What sports? What subjects in school? These details can say a lot about personality.

Chapter 5 Weasleys’ Wizard Wheezes

Harry spun faster and faster, elbows tucked tightly to his sides, blurred fireplaces flashing past him, until he started to feel sick and closed his eyes. Then, when at last he felt himself slowing down, he threw out his hands and came to a halt in time to prevent himself from falling face forward out of the Weasleys' kitchen fire. â€Å"Did he eat it?† said Fred excitedly, holding out a hand to pull Harry to his feet. â€Å"Yeah,† said Harry, straightening up. â€Å"What was it?† â€Å"Ton-Tongue Toffee,† said Fred brightly. â€Å"George and I invented them, and we've been looking for someone to test them on all summer†¦.† The tiny kitchen exploded with laughter; Harry looked around and saw that Ron and George were sitting at the scrubbed wooden table with two red-haired people Harry had never seen before, though he knew immediately who they must be: Bill and Charlie, the two eldest Weasley brothers. â€Å"How're you doing, Harry?† said the nearer of the two, grinning at him and holding out a large hand, which Harry shook, feeling calluses and blisters under his fingers. This had to be Charlie, who worked with dragons in Romania. Charlie was built like the twins, shorter and stockier than Percy and Ron, who were both long and lanky. He had a broad, good-natured face, which was weather-beaten and so freckly that he looked almost tanned; his arms were muscular, and one of them had a large, shiny burn on it. Bill got to his feet, smiling, and also shook Harry's hand. Bill came as something of a surprise. Harry knew that he worked for the wizarding bank, Gringotts, and that Bill had been Head Boy at Hogwarts; Harry had always imagined Bill to be an older version of Percy: fussy about rule-breaking and fond of bossing everyone around. However, Bill was – there was no other word for it – cool. He was tall, with long hair that he had tied back in a ponytail. He was wearing an earring with what looked like a fang dangling from it. Bill's clothes would not have looked out of place at a rock concert, except that Harry recognized his boots to be made, not of leather, but of dragon hide. Before any of them could say anything else, there was a faint popping noise, and Mr. Weasley appeared out of thin air at George's shoulder. He was looking angrier than Harry had ever seen him. â€Å"That wasn't funny Fred!† he shouted. â€Å"What on earth did you give that Muggle boy?† â€Å"I didn't give him anything,† said Fred, with another evil grin. I just dropped it†¦.It was his fault he went and ate it, I never told him to.† â€Å"You dropped it on purpose!† roared Mr. Weasley. â€Å"You knew he'd eat it, you knew he was on a diet -â€Å" â€Å"How big did his tongue get?† George asked eagerly. â€Å"It was four feet long before his parents would let me shrink it!† Harry and the Weasleys roared with laughter again. â€Å"It isn't funny!† Mr. Weasley shouted. â€Å"That sort of behavior seriously undermines wizard-Muggle relations! I spend half my life campaigning against the mistreatment of Muggles, and my own sons â€Å"We didn't give it to him because he's a Muggle!† said Fred indignantly. â€Å"No, we gave it to him because he's a great bullying git,† said George. â€Å"Isn't he, Harry?† â€Å"Yeah, he is, Mr. Weasley,† said Harry earnestly. â€Å"That's not the point!† raged Mr. Weasley. â€Å"You wait until I tell your mother -â€Å" â€Å"Tell me what?† said a voice behind them. Mrs. Weasley had just entered the kitchen. She was a short, plump woman with a very kind face, though her eyes were presently narrowed with suspicion. â€Å"Oh hello, Harry, dear,† she said, spotting him and smiling. Then her eyes snapped back to her husband. â€Å"Tell me what, Arthur?† Mr. Weasley hesitated. Harry could tell that, however angry he was with Fred and George, he hadn't really intended to tell Mrs. Weasley what had happened. There was a silence, while Mr. Weasley eyed his wife nervously. Then two girls appeared in the kitchen doorway behind Mrs. Weasley. One, with very bushy brown hair and rather large front teeth, was Harry's and Ron's friend, Hermione Granger. The other, who was small and red-haired, was Ron's younger sister, Ginny. Both of them smiled at Harry, who grinned back, which made Ginny go scarlet – she had been very taken with Harry ever since his first visit to the Burrow. â€Å"Tell me what, Arthur?† Mrs. Weasley repeated, in a dangerous sort of voice. â€Å"It's nothing, Molly,† mumbled Mr. Weasley, â€Å"Fred and George just – but I've had words with them -â€Å" â€Å"What have they done this time?† said Mrs. Weasley. â€Å"If it's got anything to do with Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes -â€Å" â€Å"Why don't you show Harry where he's sleeping, Ron?† said Hermione from the doorway. â€Å"He knows where he's sleeping,† said Ron, â€Å"in my room, he slept there last -â€Å" â€Å"We can all go,† said Hermione pointedly. â€Å"Oh,† said Ron, cottoning on. â€Å"Right.† â€Å"Yeah, we'll come too,† said George. â€Å"You stay where you are!† snarled Mrs. Weasley. Harry and Ron edged out of the kitchen, and they, Hermione, and Ginny set off along the narrow hallway and up the rickety staircase that zigzagged through the house to the upper stories. â€Å"What are Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes?† Harry asked as they climbed. Ron and Ginny both laughed, although Hermione didn't. â€Å"Mum found this stack of order forms when she was cleaning Fred and George's room,† said Ron quietly. â€Å"Great long price lists for stuff they've invented. Joke stuff, you know. Fake wands and trick sweets, loads of stuff. It was brilliant, I never knew they'd been inventing all that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"We've been hearing explosions out of their room for ages, but we never thought they were actually making things,† said Ginny. â€Å"We thought they just liked the noise.† â€Å"Only, most of the stuff – well, all of it, really – was a bit dangerous,† said Ron, â€Å"and, you know, they were planning to sell it at Hogwarts to make some money, and Mum went mad at them. Told them they weren't allowed to make any more of it, and burned all the order forms†¦.She's furious at them anyway. They didn't get as many O.W.L.s as she expected.† O.W.L.s were Ordinary Wizarding Levels, the examinations Hogwarts students took at the age of fifteen. â€Å"And then there was this big row,† Ginny said, â€Å"because Mum wants them to go into the Ministry of Magic like Dad, and they told her all they want to do is open a joke shop.† Just then a door on the second landing opened, and a face poked out wearing horn-rimmed glasses and a very annoyed expression. â€Å"Hi, Percy,† said Harry. â€Å"Oh hello, Harry,† said Percy. â€Å"I was wondering who was making all the noise. I'm trying to work in here, you know I've got a report to finish for the office – and it's rather difficult to concentrate when people keep thundering up and down the stairs.† â€Å"We're not thundering, â€Å"said Ron irritably. â€Å"We're walking. Sorry if we've disturbed the top-secret workings of the Ministry of Magic.† â€Å"What are you working on?† said Harry. â€Å"A report for the Department of International Magical Cooperation,† said Percy smugly. â€Å"We're trying to standardize cauldron thickness. Some of these foreign imports are just a shade too thin – leakages have been increasing at a rate of almost three percent a year -â€Å" â€Å"That'll change the world, that report will,† said Ron. â€Å"Front page of the Daily Prophet, I expect, cauldron leaks.† Percy went slightly pink. â€Å"You might sneer, Ron,† he said heatedly, â€Å"but unless some sort of international law is imposed we might well find the market flooded with flimsy, shallow-bottomed products that seriously endanger -â€Å" â€Å"Yeah, yeah, all right,† said Ron, and he started off upstairs again. Percy slammed his bedroom door shut. As Harry, Hermione, and Ginny followed Ron up three more flights of stairs, shouts from the kitchen below echoed up to them. It sounded as though Mr. Weasley had told Mrs. Weasley about the toffees. The room at the top of the house where Ron slept looked much as it had the last time that Harry had come to stay: the same posters of Ron's favorite Quidditch team, the Chudley Cannons, were whirling and waving on the walls and sloping ceiling, and the fish tank on the windowsill, which had previously held frog spawn, now contained one extremely large frog. Ron's old rat, Scabbers, was here no more, but instead there was the tiny gray owl that had delivered Ron's letter to Harry in Privet Drive. It was hopping up and down in a small cage and twittering madly. â€Å"Shut up, Pig,† said Ron, edging his way between two of the four beds that had been squeezed into the room. â€Å"Fred and George are in here with us, because Bill and Charlie are in their room,† he told Harry. â€Å"Percy gets to keep his room all to himself because he's got to work.† â€Å"Er – why are you calling that owl Pig?† Harry asked Ron. â€Å"Because he's being stupid,† said Ginny, â€Å"Its proper name is Pigwidgeon.† â€Å"Yeah, and that's not a stupid name at all,† said Ron sarcastically. â€Å"Ginny named him,† he explained to Harry. â€Å"She reckons it's sweet. And I tried to change it, but it was too late, he won't answer to anything else. So now he's Pig. I've got to keep him up here because he annoys Errol and Hermes. He annoys me too, come to that. Pigwidgeon zoomed happily around his cage, hooting shrilly. Harry knew Ron too well to take him seriously. He had moaned continually about his old rat, Scabbers, but had been most upset when Hermione's cat, Crookshanks, appeared to have eaten him. â€Å"Where's Crookshanks?† Harry asked Hermione now. â€Å"Out in the garden, I expect,† she said. â€Å"He likes chasing gnomes. He's never seen any before.† â€Å"Percy's enjoying work, then?† said Harry, sitting down on one of the beds and watching the Chudley Cannons zooming in and out of the posters on the ceiling. â€Å"Enjoying it?† said Ron darkly. â€Å"I don't reckon he'd come home if Dad didn't make him. He's obsessed. Just don't get him onto the subject of his boss. According to Mr. Crouch†¦as I was saying to Mr. Crouch†¦ Mr. Crouch is of the opinion†¦Mr. Crouch was telling me†¦They'll be announcing their engagement any day now.† â€Å"Have you had a good summer, Harry?† said Hermione. â€Å"Did you get our food parcels and everything?† â€Å"Yeah, thanks a lot,† said Harry. â€Å"They saved my life, those cakes.† â€Å"And have you heard from -?† Ron began, but at a look from Hermione he fell silent. Harry knew Ron had been about to ask about Sirius. Ron and Hermione had been so deeply involved in helping Sirius escape from the Ministry of Magic that they were almost as concerned about Harry's godfather as he was. However, discussing him in front of Ginny was a bad idea. Nobody but themselves and Professor Dumbledore knew about how Sirius had escaped, or believed in his innocence. â€Å"I think they've stopped arguing,† said Hermione, to cover the awkward moment, because Ginny was looking curiously from Ron to Harry. â€Å"Shall we go down and help your mum with dinner?† â€Å"Yeah, all right,† said Ron. The four of them left Ron's room and went back downstairs to find Mrs. Weasley alone in the kitchen, looking extremely bad-tempered. â€Å"We're eating out in the garden,† she said when they came in. â€Å"There's just not room for eleven people in here. Could you take the plates outside, girls? Bill and Charlie are setting up the tables. Knives and forks, please, you two,† she said to Ron and Harry, pointing her wand a little more vigorously than she had intended at a pile of potatoes in the sink, which shot out of their skins so fast that they ricocheted off the walls and ceiling. â€Å"Oh for heaven's sake,† she snapped, now directing her wand at a dustpan, which hopped off the sideboard and started skating across the floor, scooping up the potatoes. â€Å"Those two!† she burst out savagely, now pulling pots and pans out of a cupboard, and Harry knew she meant Fred and George. I don't know what's going to happen to them, I really don't. No ambition, unless you count making as much trouble as they possibly can†¦.† Mrs. Weasley slammed a large copper saucepan down on the kitchen table and began to wave her wand around inside it. A creamy sauce poured from the wand tip as she stirred. â€Å"It's not as though they haven't got brains, she continued irritably, taking the saucepan over to the stove and lighting it with a further poke of her wand, â€Å"but they're wasting them, and unless they pull themselves together soon, they'll be in real trouble. I've had more owls from Hogwarts about them than the rest put together. If they carry on the way they're going, they'll end up in front of the Improper Use of Magic Office.† Mrs. Weasley jabbed her wand at the cutlery drawer, which shot open. Harry and Ron both jumped out of the way as several knives soared out of it, flew across the kitchen, and began chopping the potatoes, which had just been tipped back into the sink by the dustpan. â€Å"I don't know where we went wrong with them,† said Mrs. Weasley, putting down her wand and starting to pull out still more saucepans. â€Å"It's been the same for years, one thing after another, and they won't listen to – OH NOT AGAIN!† She had picked up her wand from the table, and it had emitted a loud squeak and turned into a giant rubber mouse. â€Å"One of their fake wands again!† she shouted. â€Å"How many times have I told them not to leave them lying around?† She grabbed her real wand and turned around to find that the sauce on the stove was smoking. â€Å"C'mon,† Ron said hurriedly to Harry, seizing a handful of cutlery from the open drawer, â€Å"let's go and help Bill and Charlie.† They left Mrs. Weasley and headed out the back door into the yard. They had only gone a few paces when Hermione's bandy-legged ginger cat, Crookshanks, came pelting out of the garden, bottle-brush tail held high in the air, chasing what looked like a muddy potato on legs. Harry recognized it instantly as a gnome. Barely ten inches high, its horny little feet pattered very fast as it sprinted across the yard and dived headlong into one of the Wellington boots that lay scattered around the door. Harry could hear the gnome giggling madly as Crookshanks inserted a paw into the boot, trying to reach it. Meanwhile, a very loud crashing noise was coming from the other side of the house. The source of the commotion was revealed as they entered the garden, and saw that Bill and Charlie both had their wands out, and were making two battered old tables fly high above the lawn, smashing into each other, each attempting to knock the other's out of the air. Fred and George were cheering, Ginny was laughing, and Hermione was hovering near the hedge, apparently tor n between amusement and anxiety. Bill's table caught Charlie's with a huge bang and knocked one of its legs off. There was a clatter from overhead, and they all looked up to see Percy's head poking out of a window on the second floor. â€Å"Will you keep it down?!† he bellowed. â€Å"Sorry, Perce,† said Bill, grinning. â€Å"How're the cauldron bottoms coming on?† â€Å"Very badly,† said Percy peevishly, and he slammed the window shut. Chuckling, Bill and Charlie directed the tables safely onto the grass, end to end, and then, with a flick of his wand, Bill reattached the table leg and conjured tablecloths from nowhere. By seven o'clock, the two tables were groaning under dishes and dishes of Mrs. Weasley's excellent cooking, and the nine Weasleys, Harry, and Hermione were settling themselves down to eat beneath a clear, deep-blue sky. To somebody who had been living on meals of increasingly stale cake all summer, this was paradise, and at first, Harry listened rather than talked as he helped himself to chicken and ham pie, boiled potatoes, and salad. At the far end of the table, Percy was telling his father all about his report on cauldron bottoms. â€Å"I've told Mr. Crouch that I'll have it ready by Tuesday,† Percy was saying pompously. â€Å"That's a bit sooner than he expected it, but I like to keep on top of things. I think he'll be grateful I've done it in good time, I mean, its extremely busy in our department just now, what with all the arrangements for the World Cup. We're just not getting the support we need from the Department of Magical Games and Sports. Ludo Bagman -â€Å" â€Å"I like Ludo,† said Mr. Weasley mildly. â€Å"He was the one who got us such good tickets for the Cup. I did him a bit of a favor: His brother, Otto, got into a spot of trouble – a lawnmower with unnatural powers – I smoothed the whole thing over.† â€Å"Oh Bagman's likable enough, of course,† said Percy dismissively, â€Å"but how he ever got to be Head of Department†¦when I compare him to Mr. Crouch! I can't see Mr. Crouch losing a member of our department and not trying to find out what's happened to them. You realize Bertha Jorkins has been missing for over a month now? Went on holiday to Albania and never came back?† â€Å"Yes, I was asking Ludo about that,† said Mr. Weasley, frowning. â€Å"He says Bertha's gotten lost plenty of times before now – though must say, if it was someone in my department, I'd be worried†¦.† â€Å"Oh Bertha's hopeless, all right,† said Percy. â€Å"I hear she's been shunted from department to department for years, much more trouble than she's worth†¦but all the same, Bagman ought to be trying to find her. Mr. Crouch has been taking a personal interest, she worked in our department at one time, you know, and I think Mr. Crouch was quite fond of her – but Bagman just keeps laughing and saying she probably misread the map and ended up in Australia instead of Albania. However† – Percy heaved an impressive sigh and took a deep swig of elderflower wine – â€Å"we've got quite enough on our plates at the Department of International Magical Cooperation without trying to find members of other departments too. As you know, we've got another big event to organize right after the World Cup.† Percy cleared his throat significantly and looked down toward the end of the table where Harry, Ron, and Hermione were sitting. â€Å"You know the one I'm talking about, Father.† He raised his voice slightly. â€Å"The top-secret one.† Ron rolled his eyes and muttered to Harry and Hermione, â€Å"He's been trying to get us to ask what that event is ever since he started work. Probably an exhibition of thick-bottomed cauldrons.† In the middle of the table, Mrs. Weasley was arguing with Bill about his earring, which seemed to be a recent acquisition. â€Å"†¦with a horrible great fang on it. Really, Bill, what do they say at the bank?† â€Å"Mum, no one at the bank gives a damn how I dress as long as I bring home plenty of treasure,† said Bill patiently. â€Å"And your hair's getting silly, dear,† said Mrs. Weasley, fingering her wand lovingly.† I wish you'd let me give it a trim†¦.† â€Å"I like it,† said Ginny, who was sitting beside Bill. â€Å"You're so old-fashioned, Mum. Anyway, it's nowhere near as long as Professor Dumbledore's†¦.† Next to Mrs. Weasley, Fred, George, and Charlie were all talking spiritedly about the World Cup. â€Å"It's got to be Ireland,† said Charlie thickly, through a mouthful of potato. â€Å"They flattened Peru in the semifinals.† â€Å"Bulgaria has got Viktor Krum, though,† said Fred. â€Å"Krum's one decent player, Ireland has got seven,† said Charlie shortly. â€Å"I wish England had got through. That was embarrassing, that was.† â€Å"What happened?† said Harry eagerly, regretting more than ever his isolation from the wizarding world when he was stuck on Privet Drive. â€Å"Went down to Transylvania, three hundred and ninety to ten,† said Charlie gloomily. â€Å"Shocking performance. And Wales lost to Uganda, and Scotland was slaughtered by Luxembourg.† Harry had been on the Gryffindor House Quidditch team ever since his first year at Hogwarts and owned one of the best racing brooms in the world, a Firebolt. Flying came more naturally to Harry than anything else in the magical world, and he played in the position of Seeker on the Gryffindor House team. Mr. Weasley conjured up candles to light the darkening garden before they had their homemade strawberry ice cream, and by the time they had finished, moths were fluttering low over the table, and the warm air was perfumed with the smells of grass and honeysuckle. Harry was feeling extremely well fed and at peace with the world as he watched several gnomes sprinting through the rosebushes, laughing madly and closely pursued by Crookshanks. Ron looked carefully up the table to check that the rest of the family were all busy talking, then he said very quietly to Harry, â€Å"So – have you heard from Sirius lately?† Hermione looked around, listening closely. â€Å"Yeah,† said Harry softly, â€Å"twice. He sounds okay. I wrote to him yesterday. He might write back while I'm here.† He suddenly remembered the reason he had written to Sirius, and for a moment was on the verge of telling Ron and Hermione about his scar hurting again, and about the dream that had awoken him†¦but he really didn't want to worry them just now, not when he himself was feeling so happy and peaceful. â€Å"Look at the time,† Mrs. Weasley said suddenly, checking her wristwatch. â€Å"You really should be in bed, the whole lot of you you'll be up at the crack of dawn to get to the Cup. Harry, if you leave your school list out, I'll get your things for you tomorrow in Diagon Alley. I'm getting everyone else's. There might not be time after the World Cup, the match went on for five days last time.† â€Å"Wow – hope it does this time!† said Harry enthusiastically. â€Å"Well, I certainly don't,† said Percy sanctimoniously. â€Å"I shudder to think what the state of my in-tray would be if I was away from work for five days.† â€Å"Yeah, someone might slip dragon dung in it again, eh, Perce?† said Fred. â€Å"That was a sample of fertilizer from Norway!† said Percy, going very red in the face. â€Å"It was nothing personal!† â€Å"It was,† Fred whispered to Harry as they got up from the table. â€Å"We sent it.†

Mechanical cavopulmonary assist device cage for Fontan patients Research Paper

Mechanical cavopulmonary assist device cage for Fontan patients - Research Paper Example Smaller size of the filaments limits the structural support ability of the protective cage while large sizes of the filaments decreases the hydrodynamic properties of the design while increasing the pressure. The size of the filament thickness is however subject to change based on computational test results. The number of filaments is proposed to be five, not the same as the number of impeller blades, in order to shun resonance and vibration of the system. The protective cage offers protection to the vessel from the rotating components through its radial arrangements of the filaments. The elliptical design of the protective cage of filaments not only presents hydrodynamic characteristics but also provides space efficiency. The angle designs of the blades helps in space conservation given that a number of the blades can be fitted within the pump for maximum functionality. This helps in minimizing the size of the pump to ensure it properly fits within the blood vessel. The pump is characterised with diffuser blades, which are located on the protective filament cage. A shift in the flow directionality aids the diffuser blades to convert the rotational force produced by the impellor to potential energy. A motor-magnetic bearing suspension is used to induce the pump rotation. The proposed design will aim to achieve this through the levitation and rotation of the impellor within the protective filament cage (Throckmorton et al., 2010). The protective cage of filaments is designed with five elliptically shaped filaments. The proposal aims at modifying the design to serve both protective and design functions at the same time. The shape of the protective cage filaments serves significant role in stabilizing the impeller blades radially and axially in addition to acting as a barrier in the protection of the vessel from the rotating impeller blades. The unique elliptical design shape of the filaments plays a vital role in maximizing energy production from impeller while

Martin Luther King The World House Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Martin Luther King The World House - Essay Example This paper examines the â€Å"world house† to provide an analysis of the value and other fundamental assumptions. The article conceptualizes people to live in two realms, the internal, and the external. The inside has spiritual ends characterized by morals and values while outside is characterized by technology. Materialism subjugates the inner man hindering the growth of the soul. Thoreau, as quoted in School life website, agrees with this in his report to summarise the present life, â€Å"improved means to an improved end† (School life web). It is true that modernization block spiritual growth, which in return nurtures people with a selfish character that do not for their fellow human beings have to go through every day. A 2007 study on racism shows that racism continues to pervade Americans society and that law by the state do not play their role in its prevention (ACLU web). Therefore, the idea of encouraging countries to fight poverty and other problems in developi ng countries is pertinent. As Luther presents the problem of poverty that may inhibit people to live in the world house properly, he presents the extent to which poverty is sinking in neighborhoods. Well, it may not be true that two-thirds of the world go to bed hungry every night, but at least a substantial number have no homes and go to bed hungry. The impression he makes by his quest to solve this poverty problem is that every person has the caring heart like him and will work towards ending poverty. The resources available to the rich nations can help developing countries come up with the key to end poverty. However, are they willing to help? Martin appeals to the audience using his trustworthy character, emotions, and logical reasoning.

Tourism and indigenous Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Tourism and indigenous Cultures - Essay Example .......................................................................... 4 1.3 Rationale for Selecting the Research Topic ............................................... 5 1.4 Scope and Limitations ................................................................................ 6 2. Literature Review ..................................................................................................... 7 a. General Facts about Chamka ..................................................................... 7 b. Significance and Impact of Unique Culture, Language, and Religion on Tourism Industry .................................................................... 9 c. Socio-economic benefits of Tourism in the Development of the Bangladesh Economy ................................................................................. 11 d. Communication between the Bangladeshi Government and Chamkas ...... 12 3. Discussion ........................................................................ ........................................ 13 4. Conclusion and Recommendations .......................................................................... 15 References ............................................................................................................................ 17 - 19 Chapter 1 – Introduction The term â€Å"indigenous people† is referring to a minority ethnic group of people that exists in each country (Coates, 2004, p. 12). Since most of the indigenous people are living in a place that is far away from civilization, this group of people manage to preserve their own set of unique culture and religion. Based on the 1991 Census, the Chamkas’ total number of population was 239,417 (Parbatya Bouddha Mission, 2012). In India, around 150,000 Chamkas are living in the states of Arunachal, Assam, Mizoram, and Tripura; whereas very few of them live in Cox’s Bazar district, Myanmar in Burma, and in Bangladesh (Parbatya Bouddha Mission , 2012). Chamka is one of the biggest indigenous groups of people that still exist in Bangladesh. Being one of the minority groups in Bangladesh, the Chamka are living their lives at a disadvantage. Because of the absence of strong government support, Chamkas who are currently living in Bangladesh do not have the same privileges that most Bangladeshi people are getting from the government. Up to the present time, almost all Chamka in Bangladesh are still living in a primitive age. Because of the presence of political and cultural separation between the Bangladesh government and this particular group of indigenous people, the Chamka do not have access to proper education, better employment opportunity, and medical assistance from the doctors and nurses. On the 13th of September 2007, the United Nations declared that the need to respect the rights of these indigenous people (UN News Centre, 2007). With a total of â€Å"30 votes in favour, 2 against and 12 absentions†, the Human Rights Council supported the United Nations’ declaration with regards to the rights of the indigenous people (United Nations, 2007, p. 1). Although there is no existing universal law behind the United Nations declaration with regards to the rights of the indigenous people, respecting their rights could prevent us from violating the existing human rights law. Specifically the act of preventing the Chamkas to have access equal to proper education, better employment opportunity, and medical assistance from the doctors and nurses is a form of racial or tribal discrimination. To uplift the

Civil Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Civil Rights - Essay Example This effort bought significant result in 1946 when busses were not allowed to be segregated any longer while crossing borders. Truman, the president of that time established a committee for the protection of civil rights. Shortly two years later discrimination in military was banned. Because of the fact that the government itself was working on civil rights and awareness was being created, in 1952 there was no unfortunate criminal incident that involved racism since 1881. Two years later government disallowed discrimination at school level. It was a phase shift for the white people to understand and accept the black people in their community. In 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give her seat in a public bus to a white man (Willis n.d.). This created issues with the white community and the black people stood up for their rights and called for an actual implementation of all civil rights laws passed in the past. In 1957 the black community selected leader named Dr. Martin King Luther to pres ent their demands to the government. The Little Rock High School did not allow the segregation of children due to which the Supreme Court passed a Bill declaring all such schools as unconstitutional. Then Federal Troops were used in different places to implement the law. Terrorist activities started resulting in bombing and killing black people and their children. The culprits were caught but they were not brought to justice soon. Riots began and people also protested peacefully. The result was that during sixties black people were allowed to vote openly. They also secured the right to marry in different races. Black people were given prominent positions in government offices. During the late 1960’s Martin Luther was assassinated. The fact that a lot of effort has been put to recognize the right of different races in the social and economic situation in the United States of America does not mean that the movement was successful. It is true that there are more black millionair es than there were in the past but the count of black people working is not very significant. This is an indicator that the movement failed and the economic system could not be formed in a way to accommodate equality based on race. In order to understand the plight of the black people in these times, we can assess it through a comparison of the quality of life that an average black child enjoys as compared to the Hispanic white children. The quality of life can be determined on three important parameters: the average income, life expectancy and the chances that a person gets in life. In all these dimensions, black children remain under privileged to date. They are nine times more likely to be a victim of homicide, five times more likely to be dependent on a single parent, mostly their mothers, 4.5 times more likely to live with some guardian, 2 times more chances that they are born to teenage mothers and that their parents have not even finished high school. There are times when peo ple expect more from the civil rights movement to return than they expect. They need to understand that the civil rights protection movement is all about taking the extra privileges from white people that they normally receive due to no other reason but because of their color or race. It is about treating the black community equally and not granting them extra

Customer Service Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Customer Service - Assignment Example According to the discussion the Sales Manager at Kangaroo must consider all the above criteria before implementing the customer service. To Understand these attributes, the sales manager must have an informal network with the employees and understand their needs and wants. On doing this, an excellent internal customer service will develop. This would help the sales manager in understanding the problems of employees and develop a system to foresee the events to be strategized in discussion with employees. Some examples include: The sales manager might plan a campaign like â€Å"The Best Customer Award† or any other special incentive or contests and foresee its financial implications after delegating the work to his employees.This paper declares that the Technical Customer is interested in a factual, detailed explanation for the product and is on the alert for any inaccuracies or hesitations in describing the product. The Silent Customer will not talk, but does think. Lack of re sponse may give the salesperson the impression that the customer is indifferent, but is listening carefully. The Timid Customer is ill at ease, inhibited, and sensitive. Sometimes the customer is shopping in a higher price range than the customer has been accustomed to, and may be unsure of own judgment. Luxury is the main focus here.  This customer respects brevity. The Decisive Customer knows what he/she wants, is confident that what he/she wants is right, and will not tolerate another opinion.... To Understand these attributes, the sales manager must have an informal network with the employees and understand their needs and wants. On doing this, an excellent internal customer service will develop. This would help the sales manager in understanding the problems of employees and develop a system to foresee the events to be strategized in discussion with employees. Some examples include: The sales manager might plan a campaign like "The Best Customer Award" or any other special incentive or contests and foresee its financial implications after delegating the work to his employees. By having a good network and relation with employees and having an internal customer service will surely help the sales manager make critical decisions and it will be supported by employees and Top management. By having this decision making power, the sales manager could easily achieve the objective of "Delight the customer". Question 2 (70 Marks) You are at a conference of hotel managers and find yourself in conversation with Helen (who is the manger of the best five-star hotel in town) and Damian (who manages the local backpackers hostel). Both managers state that: their year-to-date profits are well in excess of target their customers expect 'excellent levels of service customer satisfaction research show that they are both exceeding these expectations. (a) Briefly describe what you perceive to be the customer characteristics that separate Helen's market segment from Damien's market segment. (100 WORDS) (10 MARKS) Helen's Market Characteristics The Technical Customer is interested in a factual, detailed explanation for the product and is on the alert for any inaccuracies or hesitations in describing the product. The Silent Customer will

Business Dissertation proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Dissertation - Research Proposal Example A largely qualitative methodology will be adopted for primary data collection. An e-mail questionnaire will be the basic tool of the survey. The sample of SMEs will be a systematic random one and it will be drawn from national business registers. Since this will be a small-scale study the data will be analyzed by manual methods using a "data preparation grid" (Munn and Drever, 1990). The use of structured grids facilitates the identification of emerging patterns. The literature search will aim to be comprehensive, but restricted access to primary literature, for example due to the remote location of material sought, will exclude consideration of some sources in the actual literature review. The collection of primary data will be based on a survey of 100 SMEs, the number in the sample limited due to the restrictions of time to complete the project and resources to support it. 8. Resources Computing and library facilities at University will be used extensively in support of the project. 7. Timetable

Strategic Plan for Eco-travel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Strategic Plan for Eco-travel - Essay Example This "Strategic plan for Eco-travel" essay outlines the necessity of strategic plan to make every business successful. The author analyzes a new business concept such as Eco-travel and a strategic plan for it. Eco-travel is a small scale business operating in the tourism sector and it is concerned with the provision of hospitality services to customers who mainly visit local community tourist attractions which are often overlooked by other big, established players in the same industry. This is a new business concept in the tourism sector which is dominated by established corporations. The customers mainly comprise of people from local communities as well as others from the neighbouring communities. Regional as well as visitors from different parts of the country are not excluded. The idea of this service was conceived after realising that established tourist operators often shunned local community resort centres as these were often regarded as small. Competitive prices will be offere d in order to stimulate business in this new tourism sector. â€Å"To provide a platform where all our customers can gain knowledge about their local heritage through promoting community tourism in a bid to bridge the knowledge gap existing among targeted clients.† Knowledge management is a key to the success of the company given that it is primarily concerned with educating people so that they become aware of the essence of protecting the environment in order to preserve their local natural heritage. In this case, the mission of the organisation demands that the knowledge base as well as capacity building among the targeted consumers have to be increased in order for the business to achieve its set goals. Measures have to be put in place to enable free acquisition, sharing and processing of information that can be in turn converted into valuable knowledge to the organisation. 1.2 Vision for Eco-travel â€Å"We are committed to become a leading community tour operator through responding to customer needs and changes that may take place in the market at competitive rates that are unmatched.† The organisation’s overall vision is mainly concerned with becoming a leader in the local community tourism sector in the future through harnessing on the strategy of knowledge creation management among the stakeholders involved. In order to achieve this feat, the company will primarily focus on quickly responding to the needs of the customers as well as constantly scanning the bu siness environment for any changes that may affect its operations. The

Insanity of War Essay Example for Free

Insanity of War Essay Joseph Heller and Kurt Vonnegut were two of the most influential anti-war authors of the twentieth century. Heller and Vonnegut served in Second World War; Heller flew sixty missions as a bombardier and Vonnegut was awarded the Purple Heart as an infantry scout. Throughout the Vietnam War, these two authors were idolized for the heroic anti-war masterpieces that they wrote. College students throughout the country carried the novels Heller and Vonnegut wrote everywhere they went. Heller first published his book in 1961, right in the midst of Civil Rights Movement, a perfect time for a book that challenges the power of bureaucracy. Vonnegut published his novel eight years later in 1969, during the Vietnam War, a controversial period for American citizens. One student was quoted saying, Kurt Vonnegut and Joseph Heller were part of a vanguard of writers my friends and I idolized (Golly). Through the use of complex structures, highly effective literary styles, and character portrayal, Heller and Vonnegut helped to reveal the insanity of war. Heller and Vonnegut both use a complex structure when writing their satirical anti-war novels. When writing Catch-22, Heller intentionally created a narrative that is hard to follow. While Heller admits that Catch-22 was meticulously structured in order to seem chaotic, he disagrees with the readers that claim Catch-22 is formless (Merrill 34). Merrill also claims that Heller says the real structure is artfully camouflaged (34). He speaks the ideas of multiple characters and tells the story in an unconventional manner. While the majority of the novel is written from the ideas, actions, and feelings of John Yossarian, the protagonist, Heller uses other characters to tell the story from a different perspective. An example of this comes in Chapter 6, aptly named Hungry Joe, where Heller writes the ideas and feelings of Hungry Joe (Heller 51). Another comes in the twentieth chapter, where the narrative comes from Corporal Whitcomb (Heller 198). Heller also uses an unorthodox chronology while writing Catch-22. Multiple times during the text Heller makes obvious jumps in time, be it forward or back. Heller uses the number of missions to help the reader follow the chronology of this insane structure. On the twenty-first page, Doc Daneeka declares that the colonel want fifty missions (Heller). He then declares that the Twenty-seventh Air Force only requires forty missions and later on the same page they are required fifty-five missions (Heller 58). Vonnegut also uses a complex structure when writing his book, Slaughterhouse-five, but rather than switching from character to character, he changes between past, present, future. Vonnegut uses a chronological scheme that is difficult to follow as well; he actually starts the narrative during the second chapter. He starts the novel, on page twenty-three, by talking about the past and tells us that the protagonist, Billy Pilgrim, was born in 1922 (Vonnegut). Seven pages later, he jumps to 1944 describing his position of assistant chaplain and his first time being unstuck in time (Vonnegut 30). Then, during the fifth chapter, starting on page eighty-eight, he talks about the past again. When he was twelve years old, he went on vacation to the Grand Canyon that he hated (Vonnegut). In addition to using a complex structure, Vonnegut uses the phrase So it goes over one hundred times (Slaughterhouse-Five). These writing structures both work to expose the insanity of war. Heller creates a chaotic atmosphere by writing through numerous characters and through a chronology that is anything but in a logical order. While Vonnegut employs the death of over a hundred people within Slaughterhouse-Five and uses an intensely paced, chronological mess (Vonnegut). They both write chapters and paragraphs that follow the same disorganized style. With the structures that Heller and Vonnegut use, they both create a chaotic atmosphere for their readers, similar to that of war. They attempt to place the readers in a situation that makes them feel similar to the authors, when they were in the military. Heller and Vonneguts literary style is to create tension in the mind of the reader by shifting the narrative around from character to character and to and from different time periods. They do this in order to draw the readers closer to the soldiers and bombardiers of the Second World War. By doing so, they cause the readers to begin to wonder what will be happening next in the story; much like the way the soldiers of Catch-22 do on the fictional island of Pianosa and the Slaughterhouse-Five soldiers in the German city of Dresden (Heller, Vonnegut). The overall pace of Catch-22 is slow; Heller is very descriptive and builds the setting and atmosphere. There is, however, parts of Catch-22 that are intense and fast paced. Heller uses this slow pace to build tension before the novel climaxes. Catch-22 becomes faster as it approaches the climax and the end of the novel. This change of pace ties directly to war; at first everything is slow, then suddenly, the characters are in the middle of a firefight or bombing mission, then it quickly ceases. Slaughterhouse-Five uses a slightly faster pace throughout the novel; Vonneguts narrative is much shorter and does not go into as much depth as Hellers story does. However, this is the same feeling that many soldiers of the Second World War felt. The soldiers and bombardiers do not always know what is happening next or, in regard to the current Iraqi war, which is the enemy and which is not. Heller employs another literary device, called a motif, a recurring theme or device in literature, and in the novel written by Heller, the motif was catch-22. Heller incorporates many forms of the catch-22 throughout the novel. The main catch occurs when Yossarian must continue flying missions. Obviously anyone willing to risk their lives by flying these missions is crazy. The only way to be granted permission to stop flying the missions is to ask the commanding officer, but he cannot grant permission to be grounded unless it is asked of him. However, anyone sane enough to ask a commanding officer to be grounded is clearly not insane because they have regard for their lives. Therefore, they must continue flying missions. In short, any circular argument that always works in favor of the bureaucratic system that puts it in place is a catch-22. These circular arguments trap soldiers within the chaos of war; they have no way to escape it because of the system that placed it. There is several other catch-22s in the novel Catch-22, such as the open and close case against Clevenger in which all they need is something to charge him with and how they can only meet up with Major Major Major Major in his office when he is not in his office. Vonnegut also employs the literary device motif, within his novel. He uses the phrase So it goes over one hundred times in Slaughterhouse-Five (Slaughterhouse-Five). He first uses the phrase So it goes when talking about Gerhard Mullers, a cab driver, mother, who was incinerated in the Dresden fire-storm (Vonnegut 2). During chapter nine, Vonnegut writes about how Billys wife, Valencia, dies of carbon monoxide poisoning after an accident she caused while driving to the hospital Billy was taken to after a plane accident he was involved in (Vonnegut). In the prior situation, Vonnegut ended to text with So it goes, this shows how the insanity of war causes death to mean so little to some people. The last use is on the second to last page, two hundred fourteen; he uses it after the death of Edgar Derby, an old, poor English teacher, who was arrested, tried, and shot for stealing a teapot (Vonnegut). Vonnegut uses the phrase So it goes to equalize all death. Through equalizing all death, Vonnegut brings forward how some bureaucratic systems feel about war and their effects on life. Vonnegut writes to point out the insanity of war; he shows his readers what war can cause and how his characters and their lives are affected. Hellers characters display insanity throughout Catch-22. An example of this occurs on page seventy-five, when the following conversation takes place: In sixty days youll be fighting Billy Petrolle, the colonel with the big fat mustache roared. And you think its a big fat joke. I dont think its a joke, sir, Clevenger replied. Dont interrupt Yes, sir And say sir when you do, ordered Major Metcalf. Yes, sir. Werent you just ordered not to interrupt? Major Metcalf inquired coldly. But I didnt interrupt, sir, Clevenger protested. No, and you didnt say sir, either. Add that to the charges against him, Major Metcalf directed the corporal who could take shorthand, Failure to say sir to superior officers when not interrupting them. (Heller) This conversation shows just how crazy some of Hellers characters are. Through his dialogue, Heller shows the insanity of his characters and the absurdity of war. Conversations similar to this occur a dozens of times throughout Catch-22. Another example of Heller portraying insanity occurs when the IBM machine in control of the military ranking system gains a sense of humor. After only four days of enlistment, Private Major Major Major, one of Hellers more awkward characters, becomes Major Major Major Major (Heller). This mistake portrays another chaotic situation that war created. The bureaucratic system causes confusion and people lose control of their responsibilities. The actions of war depicted in Vonneguts Slaughterhouse-five, caused a large amount of death. The center of the book, the German city of Dresden, is approximated to have had at least thirty-five thousand and some sources say up to one hundred thousand casualties in the infamous firebombing of Dresden during the Second World War (Bombing of Dresden). A few characters from Slaughterhouse-five share the same insanity of those from Catch-22, such as Roland Weary, who is intent on glorifying himself and uses the fact that he saved Billy multiple times to do it (Vonnegut). Although the characters from Slaughterhouse-five dont carry on crazy dialogues, they still portray madness through their actions, like when Wild Bob inquires if Billy is part of the regiment that he is colonel of, even though all his men are dead (Vonnegut). Heller and Vonnegut use their characters in a way that proves that war does really take a toll of a persons mental situation. Through their motifs, Catch-22 and So it goes, Heller and Vonnegut show that bureaucratic systems and death do not mix well. Systems like this shouldnt have control over such a life altering things, especially since they carry the attitude So it goes throughout the war. It really is insane for a system to be in place in which someone has absolute control over anothers life. And the ability of these people to have a So it goes attitude is as pure madness. The structure in Slaughterhouse-five and Catch-22 are very similar in that the both follow a chronology that is nowhere near in order. This is significant because it puts the reader into the insanity of war. The have the same confusion that soldier does until they realize what is really going on. Through the use of characters, motifs, and confusing chronologies; these brilliant antiwar authors capture the insanity of war.

The Concept of Good Versus Evil Essay Example for Free

The Concept of Good Versus Evil Essay I think that it is in all of us as humans to do right but, at the same time I think that we all can be evil and have been evil at some point and time in our lives whether it was intentional or unintentional. Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill had ideas about good and evil. They both had ideas about how to live your life with having morals. The characters in this movie represent a mix of good, evil, and the grey area in between. Amy is the embodiment of good, as she wants only to live a simple life void of violence. This is until she is met with the choice of watching her husband die or taking action to save him. Through this difficult decision, she breaks her cultures laws to save the one that she loves. This was, by her morals, an evil action, but was portrayed as a good action in the movie. This to a small extreme was a â€Å"Deontologist† action, as Amy felt it was her duty to save her husband regardless of consequence. Prior to this class I have never heard of a movie (Western) called, â€Å"High Noon. † I borrowed the movie from a friend and watched it. After watching this movie I thought that it was almost as good as, â€Å"Shane. † (Western) In watching this movie the theorist that we are studying about, theories can be depicted. Kane was the main actor in this movie. He got married to a nice lady (Amy) who I think was full of morals and on the day he got married Kane turned in his police badge and was preparing to leave town. Kane sentenced a man to a number of years in prison. He was told that this man (Frank Miller) would arrive back in the town at 12 noon on the train to seek revenge against him which made him feel compelled that he had to turn around and face his opponent. He was faced with a difficult decision. He had decided in the beginning to separate from his spouse and, I am thinking not because he didn’t love her but, to protect her and keep her out of harm’s way because of what he had done to Frank Miller. He had no definite intentions on what Frank Miller and his crew was capable of and Kane didn’t want his wife’s life being put in any danger. Kane was looking for the people in the town to back him up because it was four of these men to his one and because he has kept this town protected for so long. Instead of the town standing behind him, they turned their backs on him and tried to convince him to leave town. The people in the town told him that if he left it would be beneficiary to the entire town. I think Kane was full of morals as well. He is such a remarkable character in terms of self-respect, morality and inner strength. Kane still wanted to do his duty as sheriff and protect the people in the town even though he knew it could cost him his marriage as well as his life. I think Kane represents Kant’s theory of, â€Å"Deontological. † Deontology is sometimes described as â€Å"duty†, â€Å"obligation† or â€Å"rule. † Kant feels like if you have a duty in life and/or if there is something for you to do then, it is your moral duty to follow through with it and complete your task as assigned. Some Deontologist believes that whatever some actions are wrong and it doesn’t matter what the consequences are. Deontologists are so absolute. You would also think they were, â€Å"Holy Madonna’s. † Immanuel Kant on the other hand believed the jack opposite. He believes the only time you would be classified as a good person of morals would be if you did a good deed. According to Kant, if you didn’t do a good deed then, you were not of good morals. The people in the entire town, I would refer to them as the, â€Å"Consequentialist,† because the main interest lye in the betterment of the people in that town even though what that thought was good was wrong. The people in the town care about Kane so much, they are willing to help him but, they also think that it would be in his best interest to flee out of town, to avoid being in strife with the people of the town. The people in the town were I think, expecting a favorable solution towards Miller from the Northerners. Their solution is the betterment of the people in the town as far as their thoughts are concerned. Kane turned everywhere looking for men in the town that considered themselves as his friend to help in this battle. He couldn’t find anyone so, he went to the church. Kane thought he’d found some men willing to assist him take on Miller and his friends but, some of the people in the church congregation thought that violence was wrong and, would not help him. They opened the floor up in church for everyone to say something. At the end of all of the conversations, the town concluded again it would be best for Kane to leave town. They thought that if Kane would leave and his presence isn’t there, when the men arrived they would be no need to for the gun down because Kane would not be there and that would probably lead the men to turn around and leave. This is also an example of a consequentialist. He is putting the town’s need before Kane’s by avoiding violence all together and this is not helping Kane. I think that it’s an evil act and very backstabbing. Coopers performance is extremely powerful and he received a thoroughly deserved Oscar for it. After everyone turns their back on Kane, he finally goes to the office and wait. He hears the whistle blowing from the noon day train. He goes and hides out as he awaits and sees Miller and his men pass by. Kane comes from his hiding spot and yells out Miller’s name and they begin shooting. Kane shoots all but Miller and one of his men. Kane hides again in another shop shooting back and forth with Miller and the last standing man. Amy (the virtuous and devoted wife I call her) gets off the train and comes back to help her husband. She shoots the last man with Miller in the back. Violence is against Amy’s religious beliefs but in order to save her husband, she does what a wife is suppose to do morally (I think) when your husband needs help. I would have done the same thing for husband at any cost! Amy does feels sorry after she killed the man. Miller takes Amy hostage at her weak point in exchange for Kane to presence to surface which he did. Amy takes her nails and claws Miller’s face and this is when Kane took advantage of this moment and shot Miller two times. All the people in the town rush out into the streets because they couldn’t believe their eyes. They really thought that Kane wasn’t capable of taking on Miller and his men by himself. Amy his rib (biblical) came out of the wood works, a woman that is and helped her husband conquer this battle. Kane took off his badge and threw it down and had this look of disappointment on his face. He and Amy left for good. This was the end of the movie. After watching this movie, I absolutely loved it. Amy went against her religious beliefs to help her husband as what any devoted wife would do and if this is not the exact epitome of morals then, I don’t know what is. Kane on the other hand, had every opportunity to leave and stay gone but, because he felt it was his duty, â€Å"deontology,† he came back after finding out that Miller and his men would be in on the noon day train. He was determined to face his adversary and he won in the end. What a story! Again, I absolutely loved this story. References Kay, C. K. (1997). Deontology. Retrieved article http://webs. wofford. edu/kaycd/ethics Kant, I. (1781). Sommers, C. Sommers, F. (2010), Vice and Virtue in everyday life: Introductory readings in ethics (8th ed. ), Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. ISBN: 9780495601616. Mill, J. S. (1863). Sommers, C. Sommers, F. (2010), Vice and Virtue in everyday life: Introductory readings in ethics (8th ed. ), Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. ISBN: 9780495601616.

Effect of Curcumin on Periodontis

Effect of Curcumin on Periodontis INTRODUCTION Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by destruction of the soft and hard tissues supporting the tooth. This tissue destruction appears to result from complex interaction between the bacteria and the host’s immune and inflammatory system. The host immune response identifies these invading pathogens and tries to neutralize or kill these microorganisms. During this process the host response elaborates a variety of mediators such as pro-inflammatory mediators, cytokines and proteolytic enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). It is now believed that the major component of the soft and hard tissue destruction seen in periodontitis occurs as a result of activation of these mediators.1 Thus this host response which is essentially protective by intent paradoxically can also result in tissue damage. Hence recent therapeutic efforts are now focusing on altering or modulating this host response. This lead to emergence of a new comprehensive treatment str ategy for periodontitis which involves Host modulatory therapy (HMT) which can be combined with traditional periodontal therapies.2 To date, there is one FDA approved, systemic therapy that is prescribed as a host response modifier in the treatment of periodontal disease and that is adjunctive subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD), which down-regulates the activity of MMPs.3 These MMPs are considered to be primary proteinases involved in periodontal tissue destruction synthesized by a variety of infiltrating inflammatory cells (i.e. neutrophils and macrophages), resident cells and some bacteria. Numerous studies have substantiated the relationship between MMPs and periodontal diseases, with findings of significantly higher MMP-9 (neutrophil derived MMPs) levels in patients with periodontitis compared to healthy controls.4, 5 Doxycycline is the most potent tetracycline for inhibition of these MMPs.6 However long term tetracycline therapy has certain disadvantages, the most important being the development of microbial resistance to this drug.7 At present a health care system exists in India where different types of diseases are being treated by Ayurvedic method. Since ancient times Ayurvedic drugs are being used for the treatment of various diseases, including periodontal and other oral diseases.8 They are widely acclaimed for their minimal side-effects and cost-effectiveness. Use of herbal extracts in treating periodontal diseases does not produce side effects of tetracycline compounds as well as other synthetic drugs. Curcuma longa (Turmeric) is a widely used herb which is distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world and widely cultivated in India, China and Indonesia.9 It has also long been used in both Ayurvedic medicine and Chinese medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent.9 The active constituent in turmeric is Curcumin.9, 10 Curcumin is known to have an anti-inflammatory effect. Studies show that Curcumin limits the activity of two enzymes, lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 that are involved in promoting and maintaining inflammation.11, 12 Studies have also shown that Curcumin down-regulates the MMP-9 activity.13, 14 Thus it may have a potential role in the treatment of inflammatory periodontal disease. Its anti-inflammatory activity in periodontal diseases has not been extensively investigated. With this background, the study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Curcumin by its inhibitory effect on MMP-9 activity and compare the same with Doxycycline, which is known to have an anticollagenase activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects: A total of 30 sites from 30 subjects (males and females), above 35 yrs of age, diagnosed clinically as having Chronic Periodontitis with pocket depths ranging from 5-8mm were selected for the study. The patients had no history of pervious dental treatment, antibiotic or anti-inflammatory drug therapy for the past 6 months. Patients with any history of systemic diseases / conditions, pregnant patients and smokers were excluded from the study. An informed consent was obtained from the patients prior to their enrollment into the study, and the study has been independently reviewed and approved by the institutional ethical board. Post collection of samples, the patients who participated in this study received the standard treatment protocol for Chronic Periodontitis. Method of Collection of Samples: Gingival tissue samples were obtained under aseptic conditions after administration of local anesthesia from patients who were diagnosed with Chronic Periodontitis. Gingival tissue samples were obtained from sites with pocket depths ranging from 5-8mm. Immediately following excision, these tissue specimens were briefly washed under cold distilled water and blotted dry. Then the specimens were transferred into sterile plastic vials which contained Phosphate Buffer Solution (PBS), pH 7.2, that acted as the transport medium. Specimens were then immediately carried to the laboratory where they were stored at -80à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °C until use. IN-VITRO STUDY Chemicals Used: Pure extract of Curcumin in powder form (Samy Labs, Bangalore, India) and Doxycycline i.e. pure doxycycline hyclate in powder form (Aristo Pharmaceuticals Limited, Bangalore, India) was used for the purpose of the study. The Curcumin solution was prepared by dissolving 15mg of Curcumin in 10ml of distilled water (1500 ÃŽ ¼g/ml). Preparation of Doxycycline solution was by dissolving 3mg of Doxycycline in 10ml of distilled water (300 ÃŽ ¼g/ml). Extraction of MMP-9: The frozen gingival tissue samples were allowed to thaw to room temperature. Then each tissue sample was homogenized with 2.5% Triton X-100. This was followed by centrifugation of the homogenized samples for 30 mins at 6000 rpm, at 4à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °C. The resulting supernatant was separated and used for analysis. Detecting the Optimal Curcumin and Doxycycline Concentration: To determine the optimal inhibition of MMP-9 by Curcumin, different concentrations of Curcumin i.e. 300, 500, 1000, 1500 ÃŽ ¼g/ml were added to 50ÃŽ ¼l of gingival tissue extract and incubated at room temperature for 60mins.The addition of increasing concentrations of Curcumin to the gingival tissue extract resulted in decreased MMP-9 activity as shown in Figure 1. Assessing the MMP-9 activity by Densitometric Analysis demonstrated that the concentration of Curcumin required to inhibit more than 50% of MMP-9 activity was 1500 ÃŽ ¼g/ml. Since Curcumin showed more than 50% inhibition of MMP-9 activity at a concentration of 1500 ÃŽ ¼g/ml as compared to the control (without drug), this concentration was used to pretreat the gingival tissue extract in the study. The Curcumin solution with a concentration of 1500 ÃŽ ¼g/ml was freshly prepared prior to processing of each sample of gingival tissue extract. Similarly increasing concentrations of Doxycycline ie 50, 100, 200, 300ÃŽ ¼g/ml were added to 50ÃŽ ¼l of gingival tissue extract and incubated at room temperature for 60mins. Assessing the MMP-9 activity by Densitometric Analysis demonstrated that the concentration of Doxycycline required to inhibit more than 50% of MMP-9 activity was 300ÃŽ ¼g/ml and thus this concentration was used to pretreat the gingival tissue extract in the study. The Doxycycline solution with a concentration of 300ÃŽ ¼g/ml was freshly prepared prior to processing of each sample of gingival tissue extract. Pretreatment of Gingival Tissue Extract with Curcumin and Doxycycline: To compare the inhibition of MMP-9 activity, 50ÃŽ ¼l of gingival tissue extract was preincubated with freshly prepared solution of 50ÃŽ ¼l of Curcumin (1500ÃŽ ¼l/ml) and 50ÃŽ ¼l of Doxycycline (300ÃŽ ¼l/ml) solution for 60mins at room temperature in separate vials. In addition, 50ÃŽ ¼l of extract was also incubated with 50ÃŽ ¼l of distilled water which was used as the control. Assay for MMP-9 Activity: The presence of MMP-9 activity in collected samples was studied by gelatin zymography. Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) on 10% polyacrylamide containing 10% SDS copolymerized with 1g/l gelatin was used to pretreated tissue extracts under non reducing conditions without prior boiling. After electrophoresis, in order to regain the enzyme activity, the gels were rinsed with 2.5% Triton X-100 for 1hr to remove SDS thus allowing the protein to denature. The gels were then immersed in a proteolysis buffer containing Tris- HCl 50 m M/l (pH 7.6) and CaCl2 20mM/l and incubated at 37  ºC for 16 hours. The gels were subsequently stained Coomassie Blue (0.25% Coomassie Brilliant Blue R250, 40% methanol, 10% acetic acid). Gels were destained (30% methanol, 10% acetic acid and 60% water) until white bands appeared clearly from the blue background. These bands of gelatin lysis detected against the blue background as seen in Figure 2, represented enzymatic act ivities. RESULTS The presence of MMP-9 was studied. The enzymatic activities were detected as unstained bands on gelatin gel by zymography technique. In order to measure the relative MMP-9 levels, multi-image gel documentation systems were used to scan the clear zones and the percentage of inhibition was analyzed. Significant differences were found in the MMP activity in treated groups compared to the control. Figure 3 illustrates the reduction in the MMP-9 activity of each sample of gingival tissue extract when incubated with Doxycycline and Curcumin, expressed as percentage of reduction from the control. Table 1 shows the range, mean values and the standard deviation (S.D.) values for Curcumin and Doxycycline. The mean values show 59.58 % reduction in the MMP-9 activity with the addition of Doxycycline and 61.01% reduction in the MMP-9 activity with addition of Curcumin to the gingival tissue extract under identical conditions. Table 2 shows comparison of MMP-9 inhibitory effect between Doxycycline and Curcumin. The results obtained were analysed statistically using students paired t- test. DISCUSSION Periodontal diseases are the result of destruction of the soft and hard connective tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. Inflammation is the basic cause of initiation of this breakdown. Research in the field of pathogenesis of periodontal disease has shown that various enzymatic activities which are directed towards the destruction of the pathogen also result in destruction of the periodontal connective tissue. Research has shown that, Matrix metelloproteinases (MMP’s) are one group of enzymes which are responsible for this destruction to a large extent. MMPs are involved in a number of physiological events including, tissue remodeling and pathological diseases such as periodontal disease and are the major players in collagen breakdown during periodontal destruction. MMPs are normally tightly regulated and disruption of this regulation leads to the pathologic breakdown of connective tissues. Higher levels of MMPs in the periodontal tissues provoke an imbalance between the production and degradation of collagen, causing tooth attachment loss. Especially, PMN derived MMPs (MMP-8 MMP-9) are the main proteinases related to tissue destruction and remodeling events in periodontal diseases. Numerous studies have substantiated the relationship between MMPs and periodontal diseases, with findings of significantly higher MMP-9 levels in patients with periodontitis as compared to healthy controls.4, 5, 15 With this understanding of the role of host immune response in periodontal destruction the possibility of host modulation so as to reduce the destructive aspects of the host response and hence reduce the damage to the periodontium was investigated. First group of drugs that showed this host modulation activity were Tetracyclines. Studies have demonstrated that tetracycline could significantly inhibit collagenase activity in GCF and gingival tissue, even at lower dosage than traditional antimicrobial dosages ie sub antimicrobial dosage.3 Tetracyclines inhibit collagenases by binding to the Ca2+ or Zn2+ (cations) required for the activation of MMPs such as collagenases and gelatinases.16 It is also possible that tetracyclines can inhibit synthesis of neutrophil-derived oxygen radicals, suppressing neutrophil migration and degranulation.17 However, microbial resistance to tetracyclines has been reported.7 In addition, long term treatment can result in other side- effects such as anorexi a, nausea, epigastric distress and fatty liver. A few recent studies on collagenase inhibition suggested that, like tetracyclines, herbal extracts are also potent inhibitors of pathologically elevated collagenases and hence they may be used as an alternative adjunct in the management of periodontal diseases.18, 19 Ayurvedic drugs like Neem, Triphala, Bakul etc have been used therapeutically since ancient times to treat diseases, including periodontal diseases. With the advent of modern synthetic drugs their convenience of standardized dosage form, dramatic efficacy in acute conditions and most of all simplicity of usage, there was a decline in the use of the plant medicines. But a long term treatment, with these synthetic drugs, has many adverse effects and they are also not cost effective. As Ayurvedic drugs, are widely acclaimed for their minimal side-effects and cost-effectiveness in India, they are now again being used extensively in treatment. Use of herbal extracts in treating periodontal diseases does not produce side effects of tetracycline compounds as well as other synthetic drugs. It has been shown that certain ayurvedic medicines also have the host modulation effect, similar to that of tetracyclines. A few recent studies conducted on collagenase inhibition by herbal extracts suggest that, like tetracyclines, herbal extracts are also potent inhibitors of pathogenically elevated collagenase and hence may be used as an alternative adjunct in the management of periodontal diseases.18, 19, 20 Turmeric which has Curcumin as its active constituent has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti- bacterial, anti- viral activities etc.10 Its anti- inflammatory activity has not been investigated in periodontal diseases. With the above details in mind the present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory property of Turmeric. In the present study the anti-collagenase activity of Curcumin was compared with that of Doxycycline which has proven anti-collagenase activity. In the present study we chose Doxycycline because it has been proved that it is a more potent collagenase inhibitor as compared to minocycline and tetracycline.6 Studies have shown that Curcumin down-regulates MMP-9 activity13, 14, 21 and thus, in the present study we chose Curcumin to find out its anti-collagenase activity by checking its effect on MMP-9 activity. Research has shown that the predominant MMPs in inflamed gingival and periodontal tissues are PMN- type MMPs (MMP-8 MMP-9). Elevated activity of gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) has also been found in inflamed gingival tissues from chronic periodontitis patients.5, 22 The activity of PMN- type MMPs has been found not only to positively correlate to the severity of inflammation and pocket depth but also the amount of these enzymes recovered in an active rather than latent form appears to increase with greater severity of periodontal disease in the gingival tissue.20 Thus, since the above studies have shown that activity of PMN- type MMPs is increased in inflamed gingival tissues, in the present study we decided to use gingival tissue samples that were obtained from the patients diagnosed clinically with chronic periodontitis. The reduction in the MMP-9 activity of each sample of gingival tissue extract when incubated with the drugs .i.e. Doxycycline and Curcumin, was expressed as percentage of reduction from the control (without drug). The mean values showed 59.58% reduction in the MMP-9 activity with the addition of Doxycycline and 61.01 % reduction in the MMP-9 activity with addition of Curcumin to the gingival tissue extract under identical conditions. These results show that Curcumin has a significant inhibitory effect on PMN-type MMP-9, and this inhibitory effect of Curcumin is comparable to that of Doxycycline when the percentage of inhibition as compared to control was analysed. Curcumin also showed a significant reduction in the MMP-9 activity with an average inhibition of about 61% which is also statistically highly significant (p 23 and 12 g per day.24 But the overall results show that Curcumin has the ability to significantly inhibit the MMP-9 activity. The present study suggested that Curcumin could produce significant inhibition of MMPs at 1500 ÃŽ ¼g/ml concentration, which is well under the safe drug profile confirmed by toxicological studies.23, 24 Thus this study shows that Doxycycline and Curcumin possess anticollagenase activity in vitro. The finding of the present study is significant and confirms the use of Curcumin in treating periodontal diseases. A recent in vivo study showed that Curcumin modulates periodontal disease and had potent anti-inflammatory effects when it was systemically-administered in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.25 Studies have shown that one of main mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory effects of Curcumin may be the inhibition of NF-ÃŽ ºB (nuclear factor kappa B).13, 25 The Curcumin-mediated inhibition of MMP-9 gene expression appears to occur via NF-ÃŽ ºB and AP-1 (Activator Protein-1) because their DNA binding activities were suppressed by Curcumin.14, 21 When compared to tetracycline, Curcumin has better anti-inflammatory effect, is more cost effective and has minimal side effects and thus can be tried as a substitute for Tetracycline as an anticollagenase agent. Curcumin also allows suppression of collagenase activity well within the safe dosage profile confirmed by toxicological studies. The in vivo environment is substantially different, and inherent limitations of an in vitro replication may constrain our understanding of the systemic effects of Curcumin. Further in vivo studies of Curcumin are needed to define its toxicological profile before making it a part of the therapeutic regimen in periodontal treatment. CONCLUSION In the light of observations from the current study it can be concluded that Doxycycline and Curcumin possess anticollagenase activity in vitro. Since Curcumin has better anti-inflammatory effect compared to Tetracycline, Curcumin being more cost effective and with no side effects can be tried as a substitute for Tetracycline as an anticollagenase agent. Thus Curcumin may have therapeutic potential as a host modulation agent in periodontal diseases.

Women in Islam Essay -- Islam

In my research paper, I will try to argue that the way that Muslim extremists treat women in Islam, couldn’t be further away than what the Islam preaches. Misinformation and misconception about Muslim women is the main reasons why so many Westerner’s have the picture of Islam, especially in America, associated it with bad images of oppressed women hiding in their hijab,, or walking behind their husbands. What does Islam say about women and their right’s. Do Islamic countries follow Islamic teaching when dealing with women’s issues? Beliefs about how Muslim women are treated and blame the religion instead of the culture from which they came from. I hope that instead of falling into the typical stereotypes and cultural innovation, the information here will inform you of the true religion of Islam and how women are supposed to be treated through the verbatim words of god from any human being. Islam is one of the fastest growing religions in the world. How ever, when people say, "Islam," most people think about terrorism and the tragedy of September 11th, but what is true Islam? How does this affect today's world? Islam may be the most misunderstood religion in the world, but after reading this, you’ll probably have a lot more in common with the religion that is so foreign to so many. A comprehensive demographic study of more than 200 countries finds that there are 1.57 billion Muslims of all ages living in the world today, representing 23 percent of an estimated 2009 world population of 6.8 billion. Islam is one of the fasted growing religions there is today. Many of those converts are woman who are attracted to the religion based on it’s treatment for women. Islam is growing about 2.9% per year which is faster than the t... ...to preserve it from any altering like what happened to the religious scriptures, so the community started with the oral tradition of memorizing and before the time of the prophets death, the Koran was compiled with his approval and it’s still preserved in the same way as it was revealed to us 1400 years ago. The holy book not only had been memorized by the prophet, but he was also tested every year from the same angel and he was to repeat every single word back to him for 23 years until he died. and that promise has been fulfilled in that , it’s been untouched The Koran contains guidance defining the role of women in Islam according to the Koran, which hasn’t been altered for the last 1400 years. The guidance within this holy book were given to prophet Muhammad, which was Islam's last and final messenger, over the span of twenty-three years from the angel Gabriel.

Dancing With Wolves Essay -- essays research papers

1. The film Dancing with Wolves takes place in South Dakota in 1863. John Dunbar is the main character who hurts his leg in battle and is sent to the frontier on a new mission as a Lieutenant. When Dunbar arrives in South Dakota he is there alone, no one else had made their way their yet. Dunbar gradually starts to live with the Indians and become one of them getting the name Dancing with Wolves. Another main character is Standing with a Fist, who marries Dancing with Wolves. Standing with a Fist is an American who was captured but the Indians when was very young. She was used as an interrupted, but gradually fell in love with Dancing with Wolves. Another main character is Wind in his Hair. Wind in his Hair makes Dancing with Wolves comfortable in their tribe. He is Dancing with Wolves friend and the one who took care of Standing with a Fist. The Sioux Indians were the Indians who were more friendly that did not have a spirit in them always wanting war unlike the Pawnee Indians who were the Sioux enemies. 2. The beggars and thieves in the story of Dancing with Wolves were the white people. Dancing with Wolves looked on the whites as this. The Indians used everything they possibly could. For example the totanca (buffalo) was used in every way possible for it to be used. They used all the buffalo’s organs and hides of fur possible. Nothing was wasting. In the movie when Dancing with Wolves sees the stampede of buffalo he goes and tells the Sioux Indians of this. The day he an...

Simultaneous Bilingual Language Acquisition Essay -- Literacy Investig

Rationale and Strategy I originally grew up in a small town and wasn't exposed to different cultures like I am now in the city. I became fascinated with different languages and how amazing it is that children are capable of learning multiple languages at one time. To fulfill the requirements of a class here at State University, I spent two weeks assistant teaching at a bilingual elementary school. I greatly enjoyed this experience and returned home to become a nanny for a family near by my home that are raising their children to be bilingual with the help of the mother who is fluent in Spanish as well as English. While taking care of these children, I experienced language barriers and was faced with an amazing opportunity to witness children learning two languages first hand. I plan to discover the advantages or disadvantages of children being bilingual at a young age. I would like to investigate which language they are more fluent in and their strategies for increasing vocabulary in both languages. I wou ld like to discover the techniques that they are using for increasing their Spanish vocabulary in addition to their English vocabulary. My strategy for this investigation is to spend time with the family and observe them. I plan to note the toys or other strategies that the family uses to increase the fluency of both languages for their children. I will interview the parents as well as two of the three children since the other child is still an infant. I will observe the children playing and see which language they typically communicate with each other to and how they speak to their parents. I will do research on bilingual children and their language development in order to learn more information and provide the parents with s... ...abulary Development." International Journal of Bilingualism 6.4 (2012): 541-565. Print. MacLeod, Andrea, Leah Fabiano-Smith, Sarah Boegner-Page, and Salome Fontolliet. "Simultaneous bilingual language acquisition: The role of parental input on receptive vocabulary development." Child Language Teaching and Therapy 29.1 (2012): 131-142. Print. Patterson, Janet. "What Bilingual Toddlers Hear and Say: Language Input and Word Combinations." Communication Disorders Quarterly 21.1 (1999): 32-38. Print. Restrepo, M. A., A. P. Castilla, P. J. Schwanenflugel, S. Neuharth-Pritchett, C. E. Hamilton, and A. Arboleda. "Effects Of A Supplemental Spanish Oral Language Program On Sentence Length, Complexity, And Grammaticality In Spanish-Speaking Children Attending English-Only Preschools." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 41.1 (2010): 3-13. Print.

Philip Larkin Here

He can see everyday life during his journey, â€Å"traffic†, â€Å"workmen at dawn†. He also describes his runner into hull by the use Of the widening Of the river Hummer, which runs through Hull. It shows that he started his journey where the river was thin and at its source and has followed the winding path to its mouth. At the end of the first stanza, Larkin uses a mixture of impressions to describe the nature around him, â€Å"gold clouds† and â€Å"shining gull marked mud†.Larkin is using this mixture of positive words to describe a negative scene to portray a kind of beauty, Larkin tells the reader how it is, he is an observer. In the second stanza, Larkin describes the town, which shows that Larkin is near the ND of his journey. Larkin begins his portrayal of the town by using a list of descriptive words such as â€Å"scattered streets†, â€Å"barge filled waters, â€Å"spires and cranes†. These different descriptive words show the ac tivity of the port and portray a sense of confusion (scattered and crowded).Hull is a very busy port town and used in exporting lots of goods and has been like that for many years, which is why Larkin is able to use the historic nature of the town in his poem, † slave museum†, â€Å"residents of raw estates† (the word raw here suggests new, which shows how the port has probably been regenerated after the destruction caused in the war and the increase in demand for houses). Larkin is also telling the reader the time period in which he is writing in, â€Å"grim head-scarred wives†, generally worn by working class women; however the word grim puts a more depressing look on things.The time period is also portrayed in the description of the buses, â€Å"flat faced trolleys†, the new style of bus, with a flat face instead of curved. Also the list of different items t the end of stanza 2 show the boom in Britain after the Second World War with new technolog ies and the explosion of materialism. In stanza 3, the first line Larkin says â€Å"urban yet simple†, this can either be interpreted in a negative way or a positive way. It could show how Larkin looks down on them and feels as though he is better than them which is negative, however, it could be portrayed as though Larkin is admiring their lifestyle in a nicer, positive way.Larkin describes the port as â€Å"fishy-smelling pastoral Of ships† the word pastoral is a strange word to use however it is a link to the country side (pastoral farming) and is also a possible reference to how the port has hanged over the years and got bigger and more used and so that is why it is â€Å"fishy-smelling'. Thee city does not define Larkin, he is not part of a â€Å"cut- priced crowd† or want â€Å"mortgaged half-built houses†, in fact, most of what the city is representing is the opposite of what Larkin actually wants, which is why the last stanza is all about an isol ate place.In the last stanza of the poem, we start to understand how Larrikin preferable state isolation/loneliness â€Å"loneliness clarifies† which shows that Larkin is saying that you only really know who you are when you are alone. In the fourth stanza is where we find the first full stop of the poem which can be indicated as the train Larkin has been on has come to a halt. The caesuras in the first two lines of stanza four also help to emphasis the quietness and loneliness of the area where Larkin lived the rest of his life.We get other indications of loneliness and isolation in the poem â€Å"Mr. Balance', where a man used to live in a flat by himself with only the bare essentials in it. â€Å"Here silence stands† the alliteration of the â€Å"s† sound and the caesura help to emphasis the stillness and how the poem now comes more static compared to the movement of the previous three stanzas. The rhythm is changed by these caesuras which create a longer se ntence which also makes the poem feel slower and more static.Beyond the main madness of the town, Larkin is able to find more description of beauty which would normally be missed because he has no distractions in this isolate place â€Å"Hidden weeds flower, neglected. By the end of the last stanza, Larkin has moved from his new home to the beach where he stands, looking out over the water â€Å"ends the land†, â€Å"facing the sun† which indicates owe Larkin is now at peace, away from normal everyday madness, he is one with the elements and has no fear in facing the sun like he does with other commitments.This is also emphasizes with the soft alliteration sounds used to describe the area he is in â€Å"shapes and shingle†, â€Å"air ascends†. Larkin uses very clever use of language in the last stanza as he almost tries to paint a big picture on his canvas for his readers to see which is clearly indicated in the line â€Å"bluish neutral distance† , he tries to describe colors to clearly show the natural beauty. And the final line of the poem, really sums up Larrikin love of isolation and loneliness with the phase â€Å"initiative, out of reach† which are very unsociable words, however that perfectly describes Larrikin personality.The last stanza is different to the previous stanzas because Larkin talks about cosmically and elemental objects rather than the materialistic objects by describing the sea, sun, flowers instead of plate glassed doors and flat faced trellises. There is a rhyming scheme used throughout this poem which is very subtle and consist of very few perfect rhymes and more half rhymes.